What is the protocol for automotive Ethernet?

1, Overview of Automotive Ethernet
Automotive Ethernet refers to the Ethernet technology used inside a car for data transmission and communication between different onboard systems. It adopts standardized Ethernet protocol, but has been optimized for the special needs of automobiles to achieve high-speed, low latency, and high reliability network connections. With the continuous development of automotive technology, especially the widespread application of autonomous driving, vehicle to vehicle (V2X) and intelligent systems, automotive Ethernet plays an increasingly important role in vehicles.
2, Core Protocol of Automotive Ethernet
Automotive Ethernet technology covers multiple protocols to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Here is a detailed analysis of some core protocols and their characteristics:
TCP/IP protocol
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol is one of the most fundamental protocols in Ethernet. It not only refers to the TCP and IP protocols, but also a protocol cluster composed of FTP, SMTP, TCP, UDP, IP, and other protocols. The TCP/IP protocol has characteristics such as standardization and openness, hierarchical structure, reliability and performance, routing functionality, flexibility and scalability.
Standardization and Openness: TCP/IP protocol is a widely used and open network protocol, and its standardization and openness have led to its widespread global application and promotion.
Hierarchical structure: TCP/IP protocol is a layered protocol consisting of four levels, each with different functions and tasks.
Reliability and performance: The transport layer of TCP/IP protocol provides highly reliable data transmission services, ensuring data integrity and orderliness, and has mechanisms such as flow control and congestion control. At the same time, its UDP protocol has a faster execution speed, making it suitable for situations where the data does not need to be guaranteed despite the high speed.
UDP protocol
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that enables data transmission over Ethernet. The main characteristics of UDP protocol include connectionless, unreliable, fast transmission, datagram oriented, and the use of port numbers to identify applications that send and receive data. UDP protocol is a simple, fast, and unreliable data transmission protocol, suitable for some application scenarios that do not require reliable transmission, such as real-time audio and video transmission, online games, etc.
AVB protocol
AVB (Audio Video Bridging) protocol is an audio transmission protocol used in Ethernet, which ensures the real-time and reliability of audio data. The AVB protocol is an IEEE 802 standard that defines how to transmit audio and video data streams over a network. The main features of AVB protocol include bandwidth guarantee, low latency, precise clock synchronization, support for multicast and broadcasting, and reliable transmission. In automotive Ethernet, AVB protocol can be used for audio data transmission, meeting the high requirements of in car entertainment systems and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for audio and video data streams.
FlexRay protocol
The FlexRay protocol is an Ethernet protocol used for automotive communication. It is a deterministic time triggered protocol that enables high-speed and high reliability data transmission in automobiles. The characteristics of the FlexRay protocol include high speed, high reliability, low latency, flexibility, scalability, and standardization. The FlexRay protocol is widely used in the field of automotive electronics, providing reliable, mature, low-cost, and standardized solutions for automotive intelligence and networking. It is mainly used in automotive electronic equipment such as drive by wire (start by wire, brake by wire) and advanced equipment auxiliary systems (engine, gearbox), and can also be used in other application scenarios of automotive intelligence and networking, such as on-board infotainment system, auto drive system, vehicle control system, etc.